Show the code
source(here::here("scripts/load-libraries.R"))
source(here::here("scripts/prepare-who-data.R"))10 Notes and sources
10.1 Map basics
10.1.1 OSM and OSM
OpenStreetMap data is (c) OpenStreetMap Contributors.
OpenSeaMap (description) uses data from OpenStreetMap and other sources.
10.1.2 GEBCO gridded bathymetic
The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) https://www.gebco.net/about_us/overview/
GEBCO_22_Jun_2024_4b31746b7734.zip downloaded 2024-06-22 from https://download.gebco.net
10.2 Global distribution of coral reefs
https://pacificdata.org/data/dataset/global-distribution-of-coral-reefs pointed me to https://data.unep-wcmc.org/datasets/1 where I downloaded the data on 2024-06-24.
LAST PAGE UPDATE: 15/02/23
This dataset shows the global distribution of coral reefs in tropical and subtropical regions. It is the most comprehensive global dataset of warm-water coral reefs to date, acting as a foundation baseline map for future, more detailed, work. This dataset was compiled from a number of sources by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) and the WorldFish Centre, in collaboration with WRI (World Resources Institute) and TNC (The Nature Conservancy). Data sources include the Millennium Coral Reef Mapping Project (IMaRS-USF and IRD 2005, IMaRS-USF 2005) and the World Atlas of Coral Reefs (Spalding et al. 2001).
UNEP-WCMC, WorldFish Centre, WRI, TNC (2021). Global distribution of warm-water coral reefs, compiled from multiple sources including the Millennium Coral Reef Mapping Project. Version 4.1. Includes contributions from IMaRS-USF and IRD (2005), IMaRS-USF (2005) and Spalding et al. (2001). Cambridge (UK): UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Data DOI: https://doi.org/10.34892/t2wk-5t34
10.2.1 Citations for the separate entities
IMaRS-USF (Institute for Marine Remote Sensing-University of South Florida) (2005). Millennium Coral Reef Mapping Project. Unvalidated maps. These maps are unendorsed by IRD, but were further interpreted by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Cambridge (UK): UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
IMaRS-USF, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement) (2005). Millennium Coral Reef Mapping Project. Validated maps. Cambridge (UK): UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Spalding MD, Ravilious C, Green EP (2001). World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley (California, USA): The University of California Press. 436 pp.
10.2.2 USE CONSTRAINTS
UNEP-WCMC General Data License.
For commercial use, please contact business-support@unep-wcmc.org.
Metadata link points to file WCMC_008_Global_Distribution_of_Coral_Reefs.pdf
Factsheet link points to https://biodiversitya-z.org/content/warm-water-coral-reef also warm-water-coral-reef-factsheet.pdf
10.3 Risk of coral bleaching: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
Data source https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/vs/data/fiji.txt downloaded 2024-06-09.
Plots of a number of island nations: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/vs/timeseries/melanesia.php#fiji
Description for Daily 5km Regional Virtual Stations, Time Series Data, and Graphs (Updated June 8, 2020) https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/vs/description.php#ascii
10.4 Pocket summary statistics
Data source: https://pacificdata.org/data/dataset/overseas-visitor-arrivals-df-overseas-visitors downloaded 2024-06-12.
10.5 Visitor arrivals
Data source: https://pacificdata.org/data/dataset/overseas-visitor-arrivals-df-overseas-visitors downloaded 2024-06-16. See also RBF data.
10.6 StatsFiji
10.7 Fiji Ocean Policy 2020-2030
Fiji Ministry of Economy. (2021). Republic of Fiji National Ocean Policy 2020-2030. Suva, Fiji: Ministry of Economy. 70 p.
Available from https://fijiclimatechangeportal.gov.fj/ppss/republic-of-fiji-national-ocean-policy-2020-2030/
Specifically: http://fijiclimatechangeportal.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Fiji_NationalOceansPolicy_2020.pdf
10.8 Reserve Bank of Fiji
A useful ready-to-read summary can be found at https://www.rbf.gov.fj/category/chart-book/.
RBF’s National Summary Data Page: https://www.rbf.gov.fj/statistics/nsdp/
Data sets used in this report:
Direction of Trade by Major Trading Partner Countries downloaded 2024-08-06 from https://www.rbf.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/8.4-Direction-of-Trade-by-Major-Trading-Partner.xlsx
Consumer price index yearly 1991 - 2023 downloaded 2024-08-06 from https://www.rbf.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Copy-of-7.1-Consumer-Price-Index.xlsx
Tourism revenue downloaded 2024-08-06 from https://www.rbf.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/5.5-Hotel-Statistics.xlsx
The RBF data download web pages include the following:
Disclaimer: Please refer to the Reserve Bank of Fiji Disclaimer available on our website: https://www.rbf.gov.fj/disclaimer/
10.9 US historical consumer price index
The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis offers historical CPI data at https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-.
10.10 World Health Organization
The WHO Global Health Observatory is available at https://www.who.int/data/gho. The available health indicators and data dimensions are enumerated at https://ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/Indicator and https://ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/Dimension.
10.11 Sources not used
I looked at the following but for various reasons decided not to include them. I offer links here in case someone wishes to explore them.
10.11.1 PopGIS3 Fiji
2017 Census by Division
10.11.2 All SDG data for Fiji
https://pacificdata.org/data/dataset/sdg-country-package-for-fiji-dv-sdg-fj
Dataset description: “This is a subset of Sustainable Development Goals (all) Contains available data on Pacific Sustainable Development Indicators selected by the region and endorsed by Forum Leaders in the…”. Source: SDG country package for Fiji
10.11.3 populuation.un.org
https://population.un.org/wpp/
The data portal https://population.un.org/dataportal/ looks interesting, however it was too slow and/or didn’t return data in some cases.
Referenced from https://database.earth/population/fiji
10.12 ISO country codes
Figure 6.7 uses these three-letter country codes.
Show the code
diabetes_wide |>
left_join(ISO_3166_1,
by = join_by(spatial_dim == Alpha_3)
) |>
select(country_code = spatial_dim, Name, Official_name, region = parent_location, rank_val) |>
arrange(country_code) |>
gt() |>
tab_header(md("**ISO 3166 three-letter country codes explained**")) |>
tab_options(table.font.size = 10) |>
sub_missing()ISO 3166 three-letter country codes explained |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| country_code | Name | Official_name | region | rank_val |
| AFG | Afghanistan | Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | Eastern Mediterranean | 86 |
| AGO | Angola | Republic of Angola | Africa | 176 |
| ALB | Albania | Republic of Albania | Europe | 22 |
| AND | Andorra | Principality of Andorra | Europe | 24 |
| ARE | United Arab Emirates | — | Eastern Mediterranean | 81 |
| ARG | Argentina | Argentine Republic | Americas | 66 |
| ARM | Armenia | Republic of Armenia | Europe | 177 |
| ATG | Antigua and Barbuda | — | Americas | 188 |
| AUS | Australia | — | Western Pacific | 31 |
| AUT | Austria | Republic of Austria | Europe | 65 |
| AZE | Azerbaijan | Republic of Azerbaijan | Europe | 79 |
| BDI | Burundi | Republic of Burundi | Africa | 165 |
| BEL | Belgium | Kingdom of Belgium | Europe | 20 |
| BEN | Benin | Republic of Benin | Africa | 146 |
| BFA | Burkina Faso | — | Africa | 155 |
| BGD | Bangladesh | People's Republic of Bangladesh | South-East Asia | 77 |
| BGR | Bulgaria | Republic of Bulgaria | Europe | 45 |
| BHR | Bahrain | Kingdom of Bahrain | Eastern Mediterranean | 182 |
| BHS | Bahamas | Commonwealth of the Bahamas | Americas | 125 |
| BIH | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | 39 |
| BLR | Belarus | Republic of Belarus | Europe | 5 |
| BLZ | Belize | — | Americas | 169 |
| BOL | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | Plurinational State of Bolivia | Americas | 98 |
| BRA | Brazil | Federative Republic of Brazil | Americas | 108 |
| BRB | Barbados | — | Americas | 150 |
| BRN | Brunei Darussalam | — | Western Pacific | 149 |
| BTN | Bhutan | Kingdom of Bhutan | South-East Asia | 69 |
| BWA | Botswana | Republic of Botswana | Africa | 105 |
| CAF | Central African Republic | — | Africa | 151 |
| CAN | Canada | — | Americas | 50 |
| CHE | Switzerland | Swiss Confederation | Europe | 29 |
| CHL | Chile | Republic of Chile | Americas | 73 |
| CHN | China | People's Republic of China | Western Pacific | 34 |
| CIV | Côte d'Ivoire | Republic of Côte d'Ivoire | Africa | 155 |
| CMR | Cameroon | Republic of Cameroon | Africa | 144 |
| COD | Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | — | Africa | 163 |
| COG | Congo | Republic of the Congo | Africa | 123 |
| COK | Cook Islands | — | Western Pacific | 105 |
| COL | Colombia | Republic of Colombia | Americas | 92 |
| COM | Comoros | Union of the Comoros | Africa | 176 |
| CPV | Cabo Verde | Republic of Cabo Verde | Africa | 158 |
| CRI | Costa Rica | Republic of Costa Rica | Americas | 90 |
| CUB | Cuba | Republic of Cuba | Americas | 41 |
| CYP | Cyprus | Republic of Cyprus | Europe | 3 |
| CZE | Czechia | Czech Republic | Europe | 18 |
| DEU | Germany | Federal Republic of Germany | Europe | 43 |
| DJI | Djibouti | Republic of Djibouti | Eastern Mediterranean | 60 |
| DMA | Dominica | Commonwealth of Dominica | Americas | 141 |
| DNK | Denmark | Kingdom of Denmark | Europe | 47 |
| DOM | Dominican Republic | — | Americas | 158 |
| DZA | Algeria | People's Democratic Republic of Algeria | Africa | 100 |
| ECU | Ecuador | Republic of Ecuador | Americas | 114 |
| EGY | Egypt | Arab Republic of Egypt | Eastern Mediterranean | 64 |
| ERI | Eritrea | the State of Eritrea | Africa | 115 |
| ESP | Spain | Kingdom of Spain | Europe | 32 |
| EST | Estonia | Republic of Estonia | Europe | 40 |
| ETH | Ethiopia | Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia | Africa | 143 |
| FIN | Finland | Republic of Finland | Europe | 12 |
| FJI | Fiji | Republic of Fiji | Western Pacific | 112 |
| FRA | France | French Republic | Europe | 26 |
| FSM | Micronesia, Federated States of | Federated States of Micronesia | Western Pacific | 120 |
| GAB | Gabon | Gabonese Republic | Africa | 116 |
| GBR | United Kingdom | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 11 |
| GEO | Georgia | — | Europe | 27 |
| GHA | Ghana | Republic of Ghana | Africa | 71 |
| GIN | Guinea | Republic of Guinea | Africa | 147 |
| GMB | Gambia | Republic of the Gambia | Africa | 134 |
| GNB | Guinea-Bissau | Republic of Guinea-Bissau | Africa | 159 |
| GNQ | Equatorial Guinea | Republic of Equatorial Guinea | Africa | 164 |
| GRC | Greece | Hellenic Republic | Europe | 8 |
| GRD | Grenada | — | Americas | 180 |
| GTM | Guatemala | Republic of Guatemala | Americas | 122 |
| GUY | Guyana | Republic of Guyana | Americas | 189 |
| HND | Honduras | Republic of Honduras | Americas | 173 |
| HRV | Croatia | Republic of Croatia | Europe | 36 |
| HTI | Haiti | Republic of Haiti | Americas | 174 |
| HUN | Hungary | Hungary | Europe | 43 |
| IDN | Indonesia | Republic of Indonesia | South-East Asia | 96 |
| IND | India | Republic of India | South-East Asia | 71 |
| IRL | Ireland | — | Europe | 21 |
| IRN | Iran, Islamic Republic of | Islamic Republic of Iran | Eastern Mediterranean | 55 |
| IRQ | Iraq | Republic of Iraq | Eastern Mediterranean | 62 |
| ISL | Iceland | Republic of Iceland | Europe | 6 |
| ISR | Israel | State of Israel | Europe | 94 |
| ITA | Italy | Italian Republic | Europe | 38 |
| JAM | Jamaica | — | Americas | 101 |
| JOR | Jordan | Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan | Eastern Mediterranean | 88 |
| JPN | Japan | — | Western Pacific | 7 |
| KAZ | Kazakhstan | Republic of Kazakhstan | Europe | 33 |
| KEN | Kenya | Republic of Kenya | Africa | 122 |
| KGZ | Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz Republic | Europe | 38 |
| KHM | Cambodia | Kingdom of Cambodia | Western Pacific | 126 |
| KIR | Kiribati | Republic of Kiribati | Western Pacific | 186 |
| KNA | Saint Kitts and Nevis | — | Americas | 83 |
| KOR | Korea, Republic of | — | Western Pacific | 93 |
| KWT | Kuwait | State of Kuwait | Eastern Mediterranean | 113 |
| LAO | Lao People's Democratic Republic | — | Western Pacific | 73 |
| LBN | Lebanon | Lebanese Republic | Eastern Mediterranean | 53 |
| LBR | Liberia | Republic of Liberia | Africa | 162 |
| LBY | Libya | Libya | Eastern Mediterranean | 52 |
| LCA | Saint Lucia | — | Americas | 187 |
| LKA | Sri Lanka | Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka | South-East Asia | 106 |
| LSO | Lesotho | Kingdom of Lesotho | Africa | 103 |
| LTU | Lithuania | Republic of Lithuania | Europe | 11 |
| LUX | Luxembourg | Grand Duchy of Luxembourg | Europe | 16 |
| LVA | Latvia | Republic of Latvia | Europe | 13 |
| MAR | Morocco | Kingdom of Morocco | Eastern Mediterranean | 50 |
| MCO | Monaco | Principality of Monaco | Europe | 15 |
| MDA | Moldova, Republic of | Republic of Moldova | Europe | 20 |
| MDG | Madagascar | Republic of Madagascar | Africa | 130 |
| MDV | Maldives | Republic of Maldives | South-East Asia | 172 |
| MEX | Mexico | United Mexican States | Americas | 179 |
| MHL | Marshall Islands | Republic of the Marshall Islands | Western Pacific | 168 |
| MKD | North Macedonia | Republic of North Macedonia | Europe | 80 |
| MLI | Mali | Republic of Mali | Africa | 166 |
| MLT | Malta | Republic of Malta | Europe | 51 |
| MMR | Myanmar | Republic of Myanmar | South-East Asia | 84 |
| MNG | Mongolia | — | Western Pacific | 2 |
| MOZ | Mozambique | Republic of Mozambique | Africa | 131 |
| MRT | Mauritania | Islamic Republic of Mauritania | Africa | 133 |
| MUS | Mauritius | Republic of Mauritius | Africa | 128 |
| MWI | Malawi | Republic of Malawi | Africa | 136 |
| MYS | Malaysia | — | Western Pacific | 99 |
| NAM | Namibia | Republic of Namibia | Africa | 95 |
| NER | Niger | Republic of the Niger | Africa | 167 |
| NGA | Nigeria | Federal Republic of Nigeria | Africa | 153 |
| NIC | Nicaragua | Republic of Nicaragua | Americas | 179 |
| NIU | Niue | Niue | Western Pacific | 108 |
| NLD | Netherlands | Kingdom of the Netherlands | Europe | 44 |
| NOR | Norway | Kingdom of Norway | Europe | 17 |
| NPL | Nepal | Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal | South-East Asia | 91 |
| NRU | Nauru | Republic of Nauru | Western Pacific | 183 |
| NZL | New Zealand | — | Western Pacific | 46 |
| OMN | Oman | Sultanate of Oman | Eastern Mediterranean | 160 |
| PAK | Pakistan | Islamic Republic of Pakistan | Eastern Mediterranean | 69 |
| PAN | Panama | Republic of Panama | Americas | 102 |
| PER | Peru | Republic of Peru | Americas | 69 |
| PHL | Philippines | Republic of the Philippines | Western Pacific | 87 |
| PLW | Palau | Republic of Palau | Western Pacific | 143 |
| PNG | Papua New Guinea | Independent State of Papua New Guinea | Western Pacific | 90 |
| POL | Poland | Republic of Poland | Europe | 26 |
| PRK | Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | South-East Asia | 86 |
| PRT | Portugal | Portuguese Republic | Europe | 74 |
| PRY | Paraguay | Republic of Paraguay | Americas | 182 |
| QAT | Qatar | State of Qatar | Eastern Mediterranean | 184 |
| ROU | Romania | — | Europe | 14 |
| RUS | Russian Federation | — | Europe | 11 |
| RWA | Rwanda | Rwandese Republic | Africa | 152 |
| SAU | Saudi Arabia | Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | Eastern Mediterranean | 162 |
| SDN | Sudan | Republic of the Sudan | Eastern Mediterranean | 109 |
| SEN | Senegal | Republic of Senegal | Africa | 141 |
| SGP | Singapore | Republic of Singapore | Western Pacific | 31 |
| SLB | Solomon Islands | — | Western Pacific | 119 |
| SLE | Sierra Leone | Republic of Sierra Leone | Africa | 171 |
| SLV | El Salvador | Republic of El Salvador | Americas | 97 |
| SMR | San Marino | Republic of San Marino | Europe | 1 |
| SOM | Somalia | Federal Republic of Somalia | Eastern Mediterranean | 124 |
| STP | Sao Tome and Principe | Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe | Africa | 137 |
| SUR | Suriname | Republic of Suriname | Americas | 129 |
| SVK | Slovakia | Slovak Republic | Europe | 29 |
| SVN | Slovenia | Republic of Slovenia | Europe | 56 |
| SWE | Sweden | Kingdom of Sweden | Europe | 23 |
| SWZ | Eswatini | Kingdom of Eswatini | Africa | 117 |
| SYC | Seychelles | Republic of Seychelles | Africa | 82 |
| SYR | Syrian Arab Republic | — | Eastern Mediterranean | 61 |
| TCD | Chad | Republic of Chad | Africa | 158 |
| TGO | Togo | Togolese Republic | Africa | 141 |
| THA | Thailand | Kingdom of Thailand | South-East Asia | 111 |
| TJK | Tajikistan | Republic of Tajikistan | Europe | 59 |
| TKM | Turkmenistan | — | Europe | 57 |
| TLS | Timor-Leste | Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste | South-East Asia | 78 |
| TON | Tonga | Kingdom of Tonga | Western Pacific | 118 |
| TTO | Trinidad and Tobago | Republic of Trinidad and Tobago | Americas | 191 |
| TUN | Tunisia | Republic of Tunisia | Eastern Mediterranean | 35 |
| TUR | Türkiye | Republic of Türkiye | Europe | 59 |
| TUV | Tuvalu | — | Western Pacific | 170 |
| TZA | Tanzania, United Republic of | United Republic of Tanzania | Africa | 148 |
| UGA | Uganda | Republic of Uganda | Africa | 132 |
| UKR | Ukraine | — | Europe | 4 |
| URY | Uruguay | Eastern Republic of Uruguay | Americas | 48 |
| USA | United States | United States of America | Americas | 54 |
| UZB | Uzbekistan | Republic of Uzbekistan | Europe | 76 |
| VCT | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | — | Americas | 190 |
| VEN | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela | Americas | 110 |
| VNM | Viet Nam | Socialist Republic of Viet Nam | Western Pacific | 75 |
| VUT | Vanuatu | Republic of Vanuatu | Western Pacific | 128 |
| WSM | Samoa | Independent State of Samoa | Western Pacific | 135 |
| YEM | Yemen | Republic of Yemen | Eastern Mediterranean | 63 |
| ZAF | South Africa | Republic of South Africa | Africa | 185 |
| ZMB | Zambia | Republic of Zambia | Africa | 145 |
| ZWE | Zimbabwe | Republic of Zimbabwe | Africa | 138 |